Python Fourth Step: Django

mysite/
    manage.py
    mysite/
        __init__.py
        settings.py
        urls.py
        wsgi.py

app_name/
    __init__.py
    admin.py
    apps.py
    migrations/
        __init__.py
    models.py
    tests.py
    views.py”

from django.db import models

# Create your models here.

from django.db import models


# Create your models here.
class TestModel(models.Model):
    text = models.CharField(max_length=200)
    date_added = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True)
    
    def __str__(self):
        return self.text

CharField：由字符或文本组成的数据, max_length 设置最多存储的字符长度
DateTimeField: 记录日期和时间的数据, auto_add_now 每当创建model时都会自己把这个属性设置为当前日期和时间

INSTALLED_APPS = [
    'django.contrib.admin',
    'django.contrib.auth',
    'django.contrib.contenttypes',
    'django.contrib.sessions',
    'django.contrib.messages',
    'django.contrib.staticfiles',
]   

INSTALLED_APPS = [
    'django.contrib.admin',
    'django.contrib.auth',
    'django.contrib.contenttypes',
    'django.contrib.sessions',
    'django.contrib.messages',
    'django.contrib.staticfiles',
    'app_name'
]   

from django.contrib import admin

from app_name.models import TestModel

# Register your models here.
admin.site.register(TestModel)

>>> from app_name.models import TestModel
>>> TestModel.objects.all()

>>> tests = TestModel.objects.all()
>>> for test in tests:
...     print(test.id, test)
... 

"""learning_log URL Configuration

The `urlpatterns` list routes URLs to views. For more information please see:
    https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/2.0/topics/http/urls/
Examples:
Function views
    1. Add an import:  from my_app import views
    2. Add a URL to urlpatterns:  path('', views.home, name='home')
Class-based views
    1. Add an import:  from other_app.views import Home
    2. Add a URL to urlpatterns:  path('', Home.as_view(), name='home')
Including another URLconf
    1. Import the include() function: from django.urls import include, path
    2. Add a URL to urlpatterns:  path('blog/', include('blog.urls'))
"""
from django.contrib import admin
from django.urls import path

urlpatterns = [
    path('admin/', admin.site.urls),
]

from django.contrib import admin
from django.urls import path, include

urlpatterns = [
    path('admin/', admin.site.urls),
    path('', include(('app_name.urls', 'app_name'), namespace='app_name'))
]

from django.urls import path

from . import views


urlpatterns = [
    path('', views.index, name='index'),  # 默认忽略基本 URL (http://127.0.0.1:8000/) ，所以这个 path 指 http://127.0.0.1:8000
]

from django.shortcuts import render

# Create your views here.

from django.shortcuts import render


# Create your views here.
def index(request):
    return render(request, 'app_name/index.html')

def index(request):
    tests = TestModel.objects.order_by('date_added')
    context = {'tests': tests}
    return render(request, 'app_name/index.html', context)

from django import forms

from .models import TestModel


class TestModelForm(forms.ModelForm):
    class Meta:     # 指出表单基于的模型，以及表单包含的哪些字段
        fields = ['text']
        labels = {'text': ''}
        widgets = {'text': forms.Textarea(attrs={'cols': 80})}  # 小部件，Textarea，区域宽度 80

def lalala(request):
    if request.method != 'POST':  # 判断请求的方法
        form = TopiTestModelFormcForm()
    else:
        form = TestModelForm(request.POST)

    if form.is_valid():  # 验证表单字段是否都填写了（默认都必须填写）
        form.save()  # 将表单数据写入数据库
        return HttpResponseRedirect(reverse('app_name:hahaha'))  # 重定向 URL

    context = {'form': form}
    return render(request, 'app_name/lalala.html', context)

from django.contrib.auth.decorators import login_required


@login_required
def test(request):

INSTALLED_APPS = [
    'django.contrib.admin',
    'django.contrib.auth',
    'django.contrib.contenttypes',
    'django.contrib.sessions',
    'django.contrib.messages',
    'django.contrib.staticfiles',
    'bootstrap3',   # 第三方应用
    'app_name'      # 我的应用
]

BOOTSTRAP3 = {
    'include_jquery': True
}

(venv) afra55deMacBook-Air:learning_log yangshuai$ pip3 install dj-database-url     # 用于 Django 与 Heroku 使用的数据库通信
(venv) afra55deMacBook-Air:learning_log yangshuai$ pip3 install dj-static       # 管理静态文件
(venv) afra55deMacBook-Air:learning_log yangshuai$ pip3 install gunicorn        # 服务器软件，在在线环境下支持应用程序提供的服务

(venv) afra55deMacBook-Air:learning_log yangshuai$ pip3 freeze > requirements.txt

dj-database-url==0.4.2
dj-static==0.0.6
Django==2.0
django-bootstrap==0.2.4
django-bootstrap3==9.1.0
gunicorn==19.7.1
pytz==2017.3
static3==0.7.0

python-3.6.2

cwd = os.getcwd()   # 获取当前到工作目录
if cwd == '/app' or cwd[:4] == '/tmp':  # 在 Heroku 部署中，当签工作目录总是 /app
    import dj_database_url

    # 配置数据库
    DATABASES = {
        'default': dj_database_url.config(default='postgres://localhost')
    }

    # 支持 https 请求
    SECURE_PROXY_SSL_HEADER = ('HTTP_X_FORWARDED_PROTO', 'https')

    # Only allow heroku to host the project.
    ALLOWED_HOSTS = ['*']
    DEBUG = False

    # Static asset configuration
    BASE_DIR = os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__))
    STATIC_ROOT = 'staticfiles'
    STATICFILES_DIRS = (
        os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'static'),
    )

web: gunicorn mysite.wsgi --log-file -

"""
WSGI config for mysite project.

It exposes the WSGI callable as a module-level variable named ``application``.

For more information on this file, see
https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/2.0/howto/deployment/wsgi/
"""

import os

from dj_static import Cling
from django.core.wsgi import get_wsgi_application

os.environ.setdefault("DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE", "mysite.settings")

application = Cling(get_wsgi_application())

(venv) afra55deMacBook-Air:mysite yangshuai$ heroku local
22:25:51 web.1   |  [2017-12-27 22:25:51 +0800] [4514] [INFO] Starting gunicorn 19.7.1
22:25:51 web.1   |  [2017-12-27 22:25:51 +0800] [4514] [INFO] Listening at: http://0.0.0.0:5000 (4514)
22:25:51 web.1   |  [2017-12-27 22:25:51 +0800] [4514] [INFO] Using worker: sync
22:25:51 web.1   |  [2017-12-27 22:25:51 +0800] [4517] [INFO] Booting worker with pid: 4517
22:27:54 web.1   |  Not Found: /favicon.ico

Free dyno hours quota remaining this month: 550h 0m (100%)
For more information on dyno sleeping and how to upgrade, see:
https://devcenter.heroku.com/articles/dyno-sleeping

=== web (Free): gunicorn mysite.wsgi --log-file - (1)
web.1: up 2017/12/27 22:41:05 +0800 (~ 5m ago)

git push heroku master

DEBUG = False

ALLOWED_HOSTS = ['localhost']

TEMPLATES = [
    {
        'BACKEND': 'django.template.backends.django.DjangoTemplates',
        'DIRS': [os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'mysite/templates')]    # 错误时，会展示我们指定的错误页面
        ,
        'APP_DIRS': True,
        'OPTIONS': {
            'context_processors': [
                'django.template.context_processors.debug',
                'django.template.context_processors.request',
                'django.contrib.auth.context_processors.auth',
                'django.contrib.messages.context_processors.messages',
            ],
        },
    },
]

test = get_object_or_404(Test, id=topic_id)  # test = Test.objects.get(id=test_id)

DATABASES = {
    'default': {
        'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.postgresql',      # 引擎
        'NAME': 'mydatabase',       # 数据库路径
        'USER': 'mydatabaseuser',       # 用户名
        'PASSWORD': 'mypassword',       # 密码
        'HOST': '127.0.0.1',        
        'PORT': '5432',
    }
} 

from django.urls import path
from django.views.generic.base import RedirectView

urlpatterns = [
    path('go-to-django/', RedirectView.as_view(url='https://djangoproject.com'), name='go-to-django'),
]

from datetime import datetime
from django.test import TestCase
from django.test.client import Client
from example.models import ExamplePost

class ExamplePostTest(TestCase):
    def test_obj_create(self):      # 单元测试的测试方法必须以 'test_' 开头
        ExamplePost.objects.create(title='raw title',
            body='raw body', timestamp=datetime.now())
        self.assertEqual(1, ExamplePost.objects.count())
        self.assertEqual('raw title',
            ExamplePost.objects.get(id=1).title)

    def test_home(self):
        """
        用于检测用户界面
        如果子类化 django.test.TestCase， 会自动免费获得一个 Django 测试客户端 实例， 并直接使用 self.client 来引用它
        """
        response = self.client.get('/example/')     # 调用应用主页面
        self.failUnlessEqual(response.status_code, 200)     # 确保返回的状态码是 200

    def test_slash(self):
        response = self.client.get('/')
        self.assertIn(response.status_code, (301, 302))

    def test_empty_create(self):
        response = self.client.get('/example/create/')
        self.assertIn(response.status_code, (301, 302))

    def test_post_create(self):
        “”“
        模拟用户 POST 请求
        ”“”
        response = self.client.post('/example/create/', {
            'title': 'post title',
            'body': 'post body',
        })
        self.assertIn(response.status_code, (301, 302))
        self.assertEqual(1, ExamplePost.objects.count())
        self.assertEqual('post title',
            ExamplePost.objects.get(id=1).title)

import json  
from django.http import HttpResponse  
  

def get_json_data(request):
    response_data = {'result':'success', 'statue': 0}      # 用字典
    return HttpResponse(json.dumps(response_data), content_type="application/json")